How Emotionally Intelligent Are You - Free Essay Example

Many people today believe your IQ, intelligence quotient, is more important than your EQ, emotional quotient or intelligence, however I do not believe this. Emotional intelligence is ones understanding of their feelings and emotions as well as those of others. Emotional intelligence also gives you the ability to control and evaluate your emotions. A persons emotional intelligence may determine their communication skills, empathy towards others, ability to overcome hard work, and problem-solving skills. Emotional intelligence may affect your performance, mental health, and physical health. Intelligence quotient, IQ, is a number derived from a standard intelligence test (IQ or EQ: Which One is Important?). Your IQ measures visual and spatial processing, knowledge, reasoning, short term and working memory. People with high IQs are believed to be more successful in life. They are known to do well in school, earn more money and be healthier. In the workplace, employers want those who have outstanding emotional intelligence. Your emotional intelligence is the first thing they recognize when you come in for an interview, the way you greet people, the way you look at them and the way you present yourself is also a part of it. Employers need people with good present themselves in a professional manner. They are always looking for people willing to accept new challenges, take on manager duties, and make sure everything is done and to the supervisors asking. A person who doesnt present themselves in a professional manner often fail in the workplace. Those who are always tired from lack of sleep and not enough time to recover before working often do not feel energized enough to work. When facing difficult tasks, this may have uncontrollable thoughts running through their head. They may be thinking about how they are going to pay a bill, washing the car, or e ven feeding their animals at home. This is where your emotional intelligence becomes important. It lets your mind know that you are wondering too much, and that you should focus on the task at hand and let the rest fall in line. One must learn their own emotional triggers and methods to control them before they try to help others. An individual develops emotional intelligence overtime. Your emotional intelligence is developed through life experiences and reactions. One must take roles that involve interactions with people around you. Volunteering could help build you emotional intelligence, preferably with old people or those who are disabled. Volunteering in this kind of environment will allow you to develop feelings and understand the feelings of those who do not have the ability to live an everyday life like we do. If you want to get paid in the process, make it a part-time job to work with others and get a feel of teamwork. Getting involved in activities at school can also help. Social and emotional learning programs are available to those who have a hard time improving their emotional intelligence (Overview of Emotional Intelligence). The main goal for this program is to help those students be successful in the classroom and prevent bullying. One can also improve their emotional intelligence by observing how you react to others, by putting yourself in their shoes and accepting their perspectives and needs. Paying attention to those in the workplace could also help. Instead of always looking for the spotlight, giving other employees a chance to shine is also good. Self-evaluate yourself to determine your weakness and change your life. Taking responsibility for your actions is a way to improve your emotional intelligence. Being more forgiving rather than forgetting if they make mistakes. Emotional intelligence plays an important role in my everyday personal life as well as educational and in my career. I believe my emotional intelligence is still a work in progress. When I am working I tend to focus my attention more on the customers that come through my line than myself. Of course, that is standard practice in any workplace, but I do it because I want the customer to know I care. When customers approach the register, I will speak to them and ask about their day, or about some of the ingredients they are buying keep their shopping experience better. I may notice a coworker off to the side who is a little off, sad or mad, so I speak to them to see how they are feeling and if they may want to talk about it. Making sure the people around me are fine makes me feel much better about myself. There are times I may not be as interested and will not say anything which makes customers and my coworkers see me as rude or sad sometimes. The goal is to be able to go every day with a positive attitude and making it a about them versus me. Work Cited Cherry, K. (n.d.). How Emotionally Intelligent Are You? Retrieved October 7, 2018, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-emotional-intelligence-2795423#improving Cherry, K. (n.d.). IQ or EQ: Which One Is More Important? Retrieved October 7, 2018, from https://www.verywellmind.com/iq-or-eq-which-one-is-more-important-2795287R. (2017, July 03). Emotional intelligence: What it takes to work with others. Retrieved October 7, 2018, from https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/skills-and-competencies/300872-emotional-intelligence-what-it-takes-to-work-with-others Emotional Intelligence: 10 Ways to Enhance Yours. (2017, November 10). Retrieved October 7, 2018, from https://www.normanrosenthal.com/blog/2011/09/emotional-intelligence-10-ways-to-enhance/

An Introduction to Performing Arts

Abrahamic Covenant And The Covenant - 2250 Words

Eunice Barnett BIBL 150 Liberty University March 2, 2015 Abrahamic Covenant Chart A covenant is defined as a promise or agreement between two parties. The Abrahamic Covenant is a precise covenant between God and Abraham which can be seen in numerous events, throughout scripture. Genesis 12-50 reveals the Abrahamic covenant from Abraham to Joseph. The covenant is displayed in event and incidents throughout the history of Abraham and his descendants, which was part of God’s perfect will. God called out a specific people for himself, who have throughout the covenant demonstrated a lack of faith and obedience, nevertheless God still fulfilled His promises. This Abrahamic Covenant Chart is designed to provide clarity in determining the key points and verses that illustrate the covenant between God and Abraham. The chart is split into several parts detailing the following aspects of the covenant: the first is the reference or bible text, the next four factors will highlight factors for the audience to appropriately understand and apply the meaning of each reference being; to whom this reference was addressed, the circumstances in which this reference where reiterated, composition of the covenant, and analyze the development of the covenant throughout the Book of Genesis. Lastly the chart will also note any changes to be aware of in Genesis chapters 12-50. The chart is most easily understood referring to the reference to the far left of the chart and reviewing all factors in theShow MoreRelatedThe Abrahamic Covenant2589 Words   |  11 Pagesrelationship. Man can never negotiate with God or change the terms of the covenants; he can only accept or reject them. God’s response to the rebellion at Babel was to choose a man called Abraham. Abraham was a man that loved and worshipped the one true God. So God told Abraham to get away from the idolatrous people around him, to get away from his family and his fathers house and go to a land that God would show him. God made this covenant with Abraham, a personal blessing to Abraham, and that he wouldRead MoreThe Mosaic Covenant And The Abrahamic Covenant1767 Words   |  8 Pages Biblical covenant is â€Å"legal term denoting a formal and legally binding declaration of benefits to be given by one party to another, with or without conditions attached.† (Arnold) Biblical covenant is a part of God holy plan and they reveal enteral plan. Each covenant plays a part of God plan of salvation. The Mosaic covenant showed that being saved by works was impossible and reveals God’s Holy character the need of a savior. â€Å"The Mosaic Covenant was like the vassal treaties of the ancient NearRead MoreAbrahamic Covenant Chart3186 Words   |  13 Pagesstudying the Abrahamic Covenant that would be found in Genesis. It is a simple tabular formatted chart. The material is done in a logical chapter:verse order starting with Genesis 12 and completing in Genesis 50. It was attempted to show all the verses that either outright mentioned a covenant or at least implied a covenant. ABRAHAMIC COVENANT Reference:All are taken from NIV translation | Addressed To: | Circumstance Under Which it was Reiterated: | â€Å"Ingredients†Which compose the Covenant: | DevelopmentRead MoreThe Abrahamic Covenant Essay2548 Words   |  11 PagesLIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT OBSTACLES BEFORE THE FULFILLING OF THE PROMISE GENESIS 12-17 Submitted to Dr. David Maas In Partial Fulfilled of the requirements for OBST 605 - Genesis By Paris Marshall-Cole May 5, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-3 II. God Offers Abraham A Covenant------------------------------------------------------------------------3-5 Read MoreEssay on About the The Abrahamic covenant 1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe Abrahamic covenant is one that deals with fertility and the significance of symbolic sacrifices during this time period (Genesis 17:1). In the story of Abraham and Isaac, God â€Å"tests† Abraham by telling him to sacrifice his son. While this may seem cruel, God does not allow Isaac to be sacrificed. While Gods motives are questionable, close reading in Genesis shows that based on the story of Abraham and Isaac, human sacrifice is affirmed but only under certain conditions. A sacrifice that involvesRead MoreAbrahamic Covenant of Grace Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesCOVENANT OF GRACE The New Testament portion of the Bible is widely accepted as the book of hope, grace, love and forgiveness. However, the Old Testament also provides evidence of God’s grace and love for his people. Richard Dawkins opposes this view of the Old Testament God .Richard Dawkins in his book, The God of Delusion states that the God of the Old Testament is a God who is unjust, unforgiving, and vindictive amongst many other negative human nature attributes. Richard Dawkins view of GodRead MoreThe Five Covenants : The Davidic, Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic, And The New1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe Five Covenants The five major Covenants are the Davidic, Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic, and the New Covenants. These Covenants are God’s promises to is people that show the redemptive power of God’s love and the blessing that He bestowed upon the Israelites as well as the curses. Within the Old Testament of the Bible there are in its entirety 39 books that books of law, wisdom, prophetical, wisdom, as well as poetry. All of these books are bound together succession by the Five CovenantsRead MoreResearch Paper1634 Words   |  7 Pages A covenant is a promise or an agreement with binding obligations. (Arnold) In relations to the Bible it signifies God’s pledge to bless mankind. The characteristics of a covenant are such that they are irreversible and permanently binding. The Bible contains many covenants, most of which are contained in the Old Testament. One of which is prophesized in the Old Testament, and for Christians the promise is fulfilled in the New Testament. The major covenants in the Bible are theRead MoreThe Covenant Is A Binding Agreement Between Two Or More Parties1711 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to amightywind.com, a covenant is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, based on unlimited responsibility. A covenant differs from a contract because covenants require trust from both parties and cannot be voided under new circumstances. In a sense covenant are stronger and more bidding forms of contracts. It is through this method God has chosen to communicate with his beli evers. There are seven covenants found within the Bible; which are the Abrahamic, Palestinian, Mosaic, DavidicRead MoreThe Old Testament: The Five Covenants Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesword ‘covenant’ is, in the Old Testament, it is the Hebrew word ‘berith’ and is used many times in different texts. Some scholars my say that the word covenants is hard to find a true meaning. You will hear the word covenant throughout the Old Testament. I think sometimes when we hear the word covenant only one or two covenants come to mind. There are many covenants throughout the Bible. I will attempt to define and explain five covenants. These five covenants are: Noahic Covenant, Abrahamic

Chapter 7 Youth Gangs - 991 Words

Chapter 7 Youth Gangs Gangs In General The word â€Å"gang† can be defined in many ways however; there is no â€Å"agreed-upon definition† that â€Å"has been developed to apply to gangs† (pg. 201). When I think of the word â€Å"gang† I think of a group of individuals who interact, communicate, simply â€Å"hang out† and/or participate in many activities together. There is not just one type of gang. â€Å"Gangs can be large or small, long term or short term, more or less territorial, more or less criminally involved† (pg. 201) and can be made up of different races/ethnicities. In this paper I will be explaining the different types of gangs in Texas, characteristics of juveniles who may be involved in gangs or gang activity, the reason/factors for their involvement, consequences that they may face, and a conclusion on how we as members of society can help deter today’s youth from gang involvement. Different Type of Gangs In Texas there are different types of gangs that are commonly known. These are: delinquent youth gangs, traditional turf-based gangs, gain-oriented gangs, and violent/hate gangs. All but one (delinquent youth gangs) of these four includes BOTH juvenile and adult members. Delinquent youth gangs include only juveniles, who often have some sort of similarity such as their â€Å"clothing, style, colors, and/or hand signs† (â€Å"Criminal Justice†). Traditional turf-based gangs have a name, a leader or leaders, and also are identified by their â€Å"clothing, style, colors, and/or hand signs† (â€Å"CriminalShow MoreRelated Juvenile Crime and Socio Economic Factors Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesinto some one’s house or threatening someone at gun point. In the following paragraphs, a detailed analysis has been made to explore the different avenues through which these socio economic factors contribute to creating the delinquents of today’s youth. Before moving into the details, it is worth mentioning that the following analysis would be based on a set of socio economic indicators that is made up of; family, socio-economic class and factors that also includes community factors, educationalRead MoreThe Criminal Street Gang Activity Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesMany experts differ on the definition of what a â€Å"gang† is. Police use the term to refer to groups that hold and defend territory, or turf. Experts use the term to describe any congregation of youths who have joined together to engage in a delinquent act (Siegel Welsh, 2011). The State of Florida (F.S.S. 874.03) defines a Criminal Street Gang as â€Å"means a formal or informal ongoing organization, association, or group that has as one of its primary activities the commission of criminal or delinquentRead MoreArgument Analysis : Freakonomics 1467 Words   |  6 PagesFreakonomics Argument Analysis: Chapter Three 1. Chapter three, Why Do Drug Dealers Still Live With Their Moms?, expresses an intriguing thought by authors, Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. The Freakonomics authors follow a courageous man, Sudhir Venkatesh, a student at the University of Chicago, in his effort to understand and research the mysterious drug dealing business. Venkatesh first approached dangerous gangs and dealers in Chicago with a simple survey to learn more aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Outsiders 1106 Words   |  5 Pageschallenged book The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton. Susan Eloise Hinton began writing this book when she was 15 years old and had it completed and published by the time she was 18 years old. The Outsiders was published in 1967 and followed the two rival gangs (The Greasers and the Socs) in the town of Tulsa, Oklahoma. During the 1960’s there were many social changes that divided many and ended in violence (Hinton 2). The publishers chose to publish the book using h er initials to make The Outsiders moreRead MoreWhat Are the Major Issues That Cause Inner City Youth to Join Gangs and Become Delinquent? Discuss Whether the New Labour Government’s Policies Have Been Effective in Solving These Issues?8138 Words   |  33 Pagesmajor issues that cause inner city youth to join gangs and become delinquent? Discuss whether the New Labour Government’s policies have been effective in solving these issues? 2010 Project by: Alice Mutumba Student No: 05038460 CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary The perception that gang culture in relation to youth crime is growing in the UK is intensified by the media, it is very rare to read a daily paper these days without coming across some mention of gang related crime. In order to understandRead MoreWhat Are Deviant Behavior?1452 Words   |  6 Pagesdeviance is complex because norms vary considerably across groups, times, and places. 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It would also consider the dangerous tendencies of juvenile delinquents in fuelingRead MoreDiscuss the Strengths Weaknesses of Anti – Social Behaviour Orders1728 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen in power, it has strived to reduce crime all over the UK. One of the main targets of the Labour Party was the rising number of Anti -Social incidents reported to the police every day. In order to combat this growing phenomenon that is todays Youth Culture, the ASBO was created. The ASBO - or Anti Social Behaviour Order, to quote its official name - is a civil order made against a p erson who has been shown to have participated or initiated in anti social behaviour. This is defined as conductRead MorePrison Gangs3155 Words   |  13 PagesPrison Gangs Prison Gangs According to (Wikipedia) a prison gang is a term used to identify any type of gang activity in prisons and correctional facilities. The difference between prison gangs and street gangs has become unclear because gang members are in and out of the prison system according to the (Street Gangs and Interventions: Innovative Problem Solving with Network Analysis, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2005). Prison gangs offer more than just simple protection forRead MoreEffects Of World War II On America Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesGerman forces to invade Poland. The American president was reluctant on entering the war because he was building allies in the western hemisphere and was focused on making life better on the home front. Tragedy struck America on the morning of December 7, 1941 when the Japanese conducted a surprise aerial attack against the United States naval base at pearl harbor. The lethal and deadly force of the attack spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevel t to realize it was time to enter the war. As American

Differences Between Animusoft And Netro s Internship

Among the several differences between Animusoft and Netro’s internship, the most prominent is the workload that is placed upon students. Animusoft requires students to work on at least 4 projects throughout the duration of the internship. These projects will be small and feasible to complete. This is so that students are able to use this internship as a learning experience. Students are also expected to work on these projects for a minimum of 20 hours per week with a team in a work environment. In addition to this, students must be willing to contribute to their project at home and in their free time. Similarly, Netro also expects students to be able to work independently. However, Animusoft offers guidance to students who may be†¦show more content†¦Additionally, Animusoft offers a more flexible schedule to students than Netro. Unlike Netro, Animusoft works around student’s schedules and offers both a full-time and part-time position. Animusoft considers the understanding of web technologies as a plus rather than a requirement like Netro. They require students to be majoring in IT, Computer Science, and Software Engineering. On the other hand, Netro requires a working knowledge of Wireframe Prototyping in the computing technologies. It is obvious that Netro is not as lenient as Animusoft when it comes to internship requirements. Animusoft states that students should have basic coding experience in C, C++, C#, Objective C, Java, Javascript, HTML, SQL, XML, and other various programming languages. Furthermore, Animusoft states that they are leveraging a marketing platform driven by 25 partners. They are even developing software packages designed for our Partners. Offering professional development services to robotic component manufacturers. They claim that they will run various online properties which will expose interns to a vast amount of technologies, concepts and business techniques. These include the software industry, e-commerce, online marketing and

Civil Engagement for Acquiring Charitable Status-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCivil Engagement for Acquiring Charitable Status. Answer: A charitable organization signifies an organization whose purpose is not to make profit at all and only indulge in the process of doing charity. The organization with respect to its constitution is required to direct all of its personal and real property towards achieving the purpose of charity. The only exception to this rule is that the organization may direct its money towards the maintenance and operation of the organization this also includes the expenses borne by the organization towards the payment of superannuation and remuneration to the employees of the organization (Henderson et al. 2015). Where the organization is a religious organization than money can be used for the care and accommodation of the members of the organization. Under the Charities Act 2009 the organization for being a charity has to promote a charitable purpose and where there is any excess profit it should be directed towards public benefits or the beneficiaries of the charity and not private gain. Section 3(1) of thee Act defines a charitable purpose. As per the section any purpose will be a charitable purpose if it is in relation to a public benefit and for the relief or prevention of poverty or economical shortcomings, the enhancement of education, promotion of a religion or any purpose which is for the benefit of the community. Any organization which wants to carry on operations and activities in the state has to be registered with the Charities Regulatory Authority. The Authority may refuse to register any organization by giving proper reasons. The registration as a charity can be done online. If the body which wants to operate as a charity is an organization it is mandatory for it to get registered irrespective of its income. The members of the organization may provide through the registration form that they are aware of their roles and responsibilities as the managers of a charitable organization. For the purpose of registration the charity has to provide certain information on registration which are as follows. Names of trustees and addresses at which they ordinarily reside Particulars of all bank accounts Supply constitution of charity Gross income of charity Name and principal place of business Places where charity operates or carries on activities Kinds of activity carried on by charity Amounts of money raised in last 12 months Manner in which charity raises money Details of professional fund-raising agents Advantage and Disadvantage This section of the paper discusses about an advantage and disadvantage of an organization for being registered as a charitable organization Advantage One of the biggest advantages of establishing a charitable organization is tax relief. A variety of tax exemptions are provided to a charity. Charities are exempted from paying Corporation tax on profits which arise out from operations conducted with respect to charitable provisions in form of primary purpose trading. Charities are provided with 20% discretionary and 80% mandatory exemption in relation to business rates also known as rate relief. Charities are also provided exemption on Gift Aid relief on donations received through individuals. Charities are also provided with a stamp duty land tax relief with respect to free hold property and also leases which have been acquired for a charitable purpose. Charities are also exempted from paying Value Added Tax on certain goods and services (Sugin 2015). Disadvantage One of the major disadvantages of registering an organization as a charity is that of an unpaid board. Unless it has been authorized by the Charity Commission and it has been provided in the constitution of the charity, the board members of the charity who are referred as trusties must not be paid. However it is to be noted that payment to those who are providing professional services to the charity is not prohibited, but prior to making any payments to the board a detailed explanation of why such step is being taken has to be provided by the charity. The authority to pay a trustee has to be incorporated into governing documents or the constitution with respect to the charity commission agreement. Thus the status of a charitable organization is not appealing to those founders of the organization who have the desire to retaining control and receiving salary. A founder of the charity can even be dismissed by its board and receives salary merely like an employee. The funder is usually u npaid and the control of the charity is shared by him with the other trustees (Mullins 2014). Legislation compliance A charity is imposed with several legal restrictions in relation to how its operations are carried out. The primary legislation which a charity must comply with in order to carry out its operations is the Charities Act 2009. Under section 41 of the Act it is an offence to claim or hold out that a charity is registered where in reality it is not. Any person who advertises on behalf of the charity or instructs another person to advertise on behalf of the charity that the charity has been registered, where has it has not been registered has committed offence under the section. It is an offence by any person to invite a person or to make members of the public provide money to the organisation where the organisation is not registered as a charitable trust. It is also an offence to accept gift earn money from any other person on behalf of the organisation which is not registered under the section. If the organisation itself indulges in the above discussed officers it would be liable on its own under subsection 2. The charity would be removed from the registers of the authority if it is found that it is indulging on promoting any activity which is unlawful, not in relation to public morality, against the principles of public policy or supports terrorism or operates for the benefits of an organisation which is unlawful. In case the organisation which is a body corporate has been convicted of an offence the registration of such organisation will be removed by the authority. Under section 53 of the organisation does not comply with the directions as provided by the authority it can be removed from the registers. It is the duty of the charity to keep proper books of accounts, have its accounts audited, issue annual reports, make statement of account every year and issue annual statement of accounts. A Trustee may be disqualified from his or her position if the Trustee has been adjudicated a bankrupt, is an organisation which is being wound up, makes a composition with creditors, serves a sentence in prison, convicted on indictment of an offence or is removed under section 74 of the Act. Under the Act it is an offence to act as a Trustee when a person has been disqualified from doing so. In addition it is also and offence to act on the instructions of a Trustee who has been disqualified. The legislation imposes a duty on the trustees, auditors, investment business firms or person involved in the process of the preparation of annual report to notify the authority of any fraud or theft committed by the charity. Disclosures which are made in good faith unprotected under the provisions of the Act. It is the right of the Authority under the Act to appoint an Inspector for the purpose of investigating into the affairs of the charity and for the preparation of a report. The Inspector has the power to require the charity to produce before him all books of accounts in relation to the operation of the charity and give any assistance which may be required by the officer for the purpose of completing his report. It is also the power of the officer appointed by the authority to examine the staff and trustees of the charity under oath. In case it has been found by the high court that a charity has not complied with the provisions laid down by that Act, it can pass any order with it thinks appropriate in relation to the situation. The court may order the removal or suspension of any trustee or member of the staff. The court may prohibit the charity from selling of its property or vesting the property of the charity in the authority as per the Act. The court may also appoint trustees on t op of or instead of existing trustees. The financial reports and accounts on activities has to be submitted to the Charities Section every year. Where the annual income of the organization is more than 100000 the accounts of the organization has to be audited. Charity organization have to implement proper control where they raise money by public subscription. Where the charitable body is closed the remaining fund and property of the body has to be transferred to a body having similar objectives. The organization must also have a governing document such as a deed of trust, constitution, rules of organization or the articles and memorandum of association. Yours Faithfully References Charities Act 2009 Henderson, W.H., Fowles, J., Smith, J. and Tudor, O.D., 2015.Tudor on charities. Sweet Maxwell. Mullins, M., 2014. What's killing the charities regulator?.Eureka Street,24(6), p.51. Peate, I., 2015. Charities: governance and accountability.British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing),24(18), p.909. Sugin, L., 2015. Rhetoric and Reality in the Tax Law of Charity.Fordham L. Rev.,84, p.2607.

Phonology and the dutch stress Essay Example For Students

Phonology and the dutch stress Essay The Dutch stress sytemDutch is described as being a quantity-sensitive trochaic system, operating from left to right with extrametricality. In the following essay I will gice the arguments and data that point towards this system. I will also analyse in which way exceptions are being taken care of within this system. The metrical analysis will be based on work by Trommelen Zonneveld. These authors adopt an onset-rhyme organisation of syllable structure. We can make three major generalisations about stress when analysing Dutch:Firstly, main stress always falls within a three-syllable-window at the right word edge: this indicates that the main stress always falls on one of the last three syllables. This can also be called the three-syllable restriction. This produces three different stress patterns: final, penultimate and antepenultimate. Primary stress is prohibited further to the left. The three-syllable-window restriction:†¦?()#Data:ANTPENFINVV#AmrikamacarniindividVC#JerzalemcatamrankamelenFurthermore, stress is restricted to a two-syllable windowin words containing a prefinal (or diphtongal) syllable. This means that antepenultimate stress (third syllable from right side of the word) only occurs in words with an open syllable next to it (an open penultimate syllable). Therefore, the Dutch stress system depends on the character of the second to last (penultimate) syllable. Data:ANTPENFIN-VV-VVPnamapyjmachocol-VV-VCbritonclebespelotn-VC-VVagndafrikandau-VC-VCGibrltarbombardn-ViVj-VVandjvieThirdly, schwa syllables ae never stressed:Data:a) –emailprotected(C)b) emailprotected(C )mde, salde, mirkel, Azi, Blgi, trrir,lnte, septmberndiThis is called the schwa-syllable restriction. Primary stress falls directly for a schwa syllable if schwa is immediately preceded by a consonant. We can, however also make minor generalisations within the bounds of major generalisations. These minor generalisations reflect the predominant stress patterns, and allow for exceptions. These exceptions stand for the recessive stress patterns within the system. The position of main stress is conditioned both by the length of the word and by the internal structure of the syllables involved. The dominant patterns in Dutch are the following:? In disyllabic words ending in open (VV) and closed (VC) syllables, penultimate stress is dominant? In trisyllabics, the dominant patterns are penultimate stress in VV-final words and antepenultimate stress in VC-final words (if the penultimate syllable is open)? In VXC-final words, final stress is the dominant pattern. Now that we know about these generalisations we can provide arguments and data which point towards the system of Dutch stress. Extrametricality:Extrametricality in the Dutch language is normally operating on words having a final –VX syllable (which is heavy). However, it does not work on final ‘open’ VV-syllables (which are light). The following examples prove this:***** * ************Ba. ri. tOnba. ri. tOnba. ri.ba. ri. This makes the word: BritonThis is valid for Amrika, Jerzalem and lxicon, etc. as well. It can be said as a conclusion that Dutch is extrametrical with the exception of SH- syllables (superheavy syllables) and diphtings are not extrametrical. Quantity sensitivity:In languages where the parameter ‘Quantity sensitivity’ is active, stress rules take into account the internal strucure of a rhyme. Quantity sensitive languages usually contrast syllables with long and short vowels and, optionally open and closed vowels. Because Dutch vowels are obligatorily long in open syllables, vowel length does not correspond to weight. Dutch rhymes consist, in their most minimal form of eithera) a long vowel (VV), which forms an open (light) syllableb) a short (lax) vowel followed by a coda consonant (VC) which forms a closed, heavy syllable. c) a rhyme consisting of a diphtong, which makes the syllable heavy. d) a syllable ending with –VXC, which makes the syllable superheavy. e) a schwa syllable (@) which makes the syllable weightlessConsidering only quantity sensitivity, all the heavy syllables are then stressed:Ta.ta.tAs.taObservations providing evidence that Dutch is quantity-sensitive can then be made:a) Schwa syllables are never stressedb) Antepenultimate stress occurs across an open penultimate syllable but is excluded across a closed (or diphthongal) penult. .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 , .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .postImageUrl , .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 , .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839:hover , .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839:visited , .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839:active { border:0!important; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839:active , .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839 .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c5da1143a322149b802972626d28839:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Love Essay Summaryc) Main stress tends to be non final in VX-final words, versus final in VXC-final words (such as a.gn.da vs. pe.lo.tn)The result of this is that most of the time any closed syllable has stress: Data: LHL:a.gn.daLHH:Gi.brl.tarLLSH:le.di.kntViVj: a.zjnThe fact that the Dutch weight system does not group long vowels (VV) together with closed syllables (VC) in the clas of heavy syllables is very uncommon cross-linguistically. Quantity sensitivity also accounts for the closed syllable constraint and for the schwa-syllable restriction (page 1, under ‘generalisations’)Direction:Dutch is a system working from right to left in assigning feet, because the extrametricality is operating at the end of the words (and this occurs only if the direction is from right to left). Another indicator which can help linguists find the direction is the ‘left-over syllable’ in odd-syllabled words. (for instance in the word Ne.bu.kad.n.zar; in this case the first syllable is left over and it therefore has secondary stress)Left-headed (trochaic):If the direction and the major and minor generalisations are taken into account, the Dutch stress system must be trochaic, since the dominance parameter generates a left-headed rhythm. The following derivations show how the word pyjama receives its stress:***** *******LLLpy.ja.mapy.ja.mapy.ja.maAnother argument for the Dutch stress system to be trochaic would be that in two-syllabic words ending in open (VV) or closed (VC) syllables, the penultimate stress is dominant. We should also note that the combination of dominance (left headed) and syllable extrametricality captivates the three-window-generalisation. These facts taken together is enough information to say that Dutch is a trochaic-working system. Exceptions:Dutch may be viewed as a mixed system with both metrical rules and lexical markings. Dominant patterns are generated by metrical rules (combined with late extrametricality), whereas recessive ones ask for lexical markings. Recessive patterns are:(I) stressa)LLLlexical stress on final L-syllablePnamaantepenultimateb)LLHno extrametricalitypelotnfinalc)LLSHidiosyncratic extrametricalityNcolaasantepenultimate(II)d)LLLlexical stress on final L, noextrametrical itychocolfinale)LLHlexical stress on penultimate LCelbespenultimateIn group I there is prespecified stress on final or prefinal light syllables, in group II there are lexical markings with respect to extrametricality. In a) , additional extrametricality can be found. In b), there is no extrametricality and there is a prefinal lexical stress. In c) and d), again a lack of extrametricality. In e), finally, there is additional extrametricality again. The following table gives a list of the lexical markings in Dutch. It also visualises the possible exceptions. FLS stands for Final prespecified Lexical Stress, and PLS stands for Prefinal prespecified Lexical Stress. ANTPENFIN-VV#FLSFLS (-extrametricality)-VC#PLS-extrametricality-VXC#+ extrametricality+ extrametricality, PLSConclusion:When observating the data given above, one can conclude that Dutch has five different types of syllables: open syllables (CVV), closed syllables (CVC), diphthongal syllables (CViVj), superheavy syllables (CVXC) and schwa sylables. The last two types are always confined to the right edge of a word. Secondkly we can conclude that the Dutch stress system is based upon syllable weight (it is quantity sensitive). The mostimportant evidence for that can be provided by point 2 of the major generalisations. It can also be found under point b) in the paragraph quantity sensitivity. The Dutch language is trochaic. The proof for that can be found in the paragraphs above. Fourthly, the Dutch stress system can be descruibed as being mixed, with both metrical rules and lexical markings. This is never done, however, at the cost of the three-syllable- and the heavy penult- window, or at the cost of the schwa-restriction rule which are described in the beginning of this essay. Therefor Dutch includes a predictable part and a lexically determined part by which accumulation idiosyncracies reflect degrees of markedness (in other words, here the exceptions are described). In this last part two types can be analysed: lexical markings with respect to extrametricality and prespecified lexical stress on final or prefinal light syllables. .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 , .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .postImageUrl , .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 , .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0:hover , .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0:visited , .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0:active { border:0!important; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0:active , .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0 .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6d15273cb87976821948c2ab8ecd11b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A New Nation EssayDutch:EnglishPre-si-dntPr-si-dentLLSHLLH(*.)(*)(*.)**H-ri-zonHo-r-zonLLHLTH(*.)(.*)**Fa-m-lieF-mi-lyLLLLLL(.)(*.)(*.)**